Health and welfare of Brachycephalic dogs: Breeding and caesarean section
spotlight topic:
Breeding and caesarean section
Published 10 February 2023
Concerns around breeding of brachycephalic breeds include the impact of extreme conformation on the welfare of the offspring along with concerns about the increased requirement for caesarean section to deliver the puppies.
- Ravn-Mølby, E.M. et al. (2019) Breeding French bulldogs so that they breathe well—A long way to go. PLoS ONE, 14 (12), https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0226280
- Evans, K.M. and Adams, V.J. (2010) Proportion of litters of purebred dogs born by caesarean section. Journal of Small Animal Practice, 51 (12), pp. 113-118. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5827.2009.00902.x
- O’Neill, D.G. et al. (2017) Canine dystocia in 50 UK first‐opinion emergency‐care veterinary practices: prevalence and risk factors. Veterinary Record, 181 (4), pp. 88. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.104108
- Canine dystocia in 50 UK first-opinion emergency-care veterinary practices: prevalence and risk factors [inFOCUS][online]. Available from: https://infocus.rcvsknowledge.org/canine-dystocia-in-50-uk-first-opinion-emergency-care-veterinary-practices-prevalence-and-risk-factors/ [Accessed 10 February 2023]
- O’Neill, D.G. et al. (2019) Canine dystocia in 50 UK first‐opinion emergency care veterinary practices: clinical management and outcomes. Veterinary Record, 184 (13), pp. 409. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.104944
- Adams, D.J. et al. (2022) Risk factors for neonatal mortality prior to hospital discharge in brachycephalic and nonbrachycephalic dogs undergoing cesarean section. Veterinary Surgery, 51 (7), pp. 1052-1060. https://doi.org/10.1111/vsu.13868
- Batista, M. et al. (2014) Neonatal viability evaluation by Apgar score in puppies delivered by cesarean section in two brachycephalic breeds (English and French bulldog). Animal Reproduction Science, 146 (3-4), pp. 218-226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2014.03.003
- Estevam, M.V. et al. (2022) Congenital malformations in brachycephalic dogs: A retrospective study. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389%2Ffvets.2022.981923
- Borisoot, M. (2020) In pregnant bitches, is elective caesarean section more effective than vaginal delivery at improving puppy survival? Veterinary Evidence, 5 (3). https://doi.org/10.18849/ve.v5i3.319
- Genetic welfare problems of companion animals. English Bulldog: Dystocia due to foetal-pelvic disproportion [UFAW][online]. Available from: https://www.ufaw.org.uk/dogs/english-bulldog-dystocia [Accessed 10 February 2023]
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